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Different chemical treatments can be used to isolate an old and chemically resistant soil organic matter fraction from soils. Here, we compared the residues after acid hydrolysis (6 N HCl) with those obtained after NaOCl treatment (6 wt%) of the silt + clay fractions from 48 soil samples. The samples were taken at sites differing in climate and land use across Switzerland. To determine the influence...
This work seeks to establish baselines for As, Co, Cu, Cr, Cd, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn, as well as to evaluate the possible anomalies present in the province of Almería (SE Spain), an area geochemically characterized by hydrothermal and volcanic episodes from the Miocene to the Holocene. Both As and Pb exceeded the Soil-Screening Levels (SSLs) established for Andalusia (SSL As=24 mg·kg −1 ; SSL...
The presence of neutral carbohydrates in soil organic matter (SOM) in significant amount is apparently in contradiction with their lability. It may result either from stabilization or from continuous recycling of SOM by micro-organisms and biosynthesis of microbial sugars. To address this question, it was necessary to precisely determine the average yield of sugar biosyntheses and the distribution...
In 1877, G.K. Gilbert reasoned that the rate at which bedrock is converted to soil reaches a maximum under an optimal soil depth that facilitates contact between bedrock and water such that freeze–thaw and chemical weathering are maximised. In doing so, he outlined the functional dependence of soil production (bedrock weathering) on local soil depth. However, the concept of a soil production function...
There is evidence of black carbon (BC) contributing to stable humus in the soil environment but its quantity and fate are poorly examined. We used benzene polycarboxylic acids (BPCAs) as markers to assess the contents and distribution of BC in soils and soil fractions of the long-term field experiments in Halle (Haplic Phaeozem), Bad Lauchstädt (Haplic Chernozem), Rotthalmünster (Haplic Luvisol) and...
Recent studies of soil–landscape relationships in northeastern Patagonia identified fibrous-clay minerals in calcic and petrocalcic horizons developed on old fluvio-glacial plains called “Rodados Patagónicos” (RP). The objectives of this study were: i) to evaluate the occurrence of fibrous-clay minerals in the arid soil environment, and ii) to establish the relationship between the soil properties...
Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) is a rapid and low-cost method that has been reported to provide accurate prediction of soil total carbon (Ct) and nitrogen (Nt) contents. However, methodological aspects such as sample preparation and set homogeneity have not been addressed extensively. The main objective of the paper was to assess how NIRS determination of Ct and Nt was affected by sample...
The belowground resources in terrestrial plant communities are frequently heterogeneously distributed. However, the scale or extent to which this distribution occurs, the differences in distribution in various communities, and the mechanisms underlying this spatial pattern are poorly understood. We examined the variability and the spatial dependence of soil elements in two soil types differentiated...
The Brazilian Central Plateau covers about 40% of the Cerrados Biome and represents 24% of the Brazilian territory. The Latosols correspond to about 40% of the Central Plateau. We analyzed the hydraulic properties of a set of Latosols varying according to clay content and mineralogy along a regional toposequence across the Brazilian Central Plateau. We studied the properties of the diagnostic horizon...
During volcanic soil development, factors controlling plant-available P shift from hydrolysis of P bound to primary Ca compounds to mineralization of organic P, and an increasing role of amorphous materials in P retention. Monospecific forests of the Andean–Patagonian region are distributed in a narrow strip characterized by young volcanic soils and decreasing west–east precipitation. We analyzed...
Compared to total soil organic matter (SOM) the concentrations of water extractable organic matter (WEOM) are very small. Nevertheless, it is linked to many important soil functions. Numerous factors affect WEOM dynamics, most of them interacting in the same or in different directions. Therefore, there are still marked gaps in knowledge about WEOM. The majority of field studies have been done in forest...
Natural soil profiles strongly contaminated by arsenic (As) have been studied. Soils were characterised by its pH, chemical composition, carbonate, humus, exchangeable cations and H + , and oxalate extractable Fe contents. Mineralogical and chemical speciation of the As was studied by mineralogical methods and sequential extraction. Results were compared and discussed regarding the two different...
Land disturbances (such as cultivation and overgrazing) and global warming have been decreasing soil organic C stocks in alpine regions of China. This study characterized changes in soil aggregation, bulk density, particle density, porosity and water holding capacity in relation to changes in total organic C and carbohydrate-C fractions under a long-term (28 years) annually-cultivated pasture (oats),...
This paper reports on the sorption of Cu(II), Cr(III), and Zn(II) by a north-eastern France soil from single and ternary metal solutions, as a function of pH, time, and metal concentrations. Isothermal sorption batch experiments led to macroscopic and indirect results. The use of extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy allowed us to obtain molecular scale information about the...
Land-surface topographic attributes can be useful for estimating stable spatial patterns of crop yield caused by spatial variability in soils and water availability. We present spatial analyses of grain yield for three fields of dryland winter wheat in northeastern Colorado using topographic attributes as explanatory variables. Topographic attributes including elevation, slope, aspect, curvature,...
Soil bulk density (D b ) measurement is essential to estimate soil carbon reserves. However, field sampling, specially at depth, and direct measurement of D b is labor intensive, tedious and often impractical. Thus regression models or pedotransfer functions (PTFs) based on easily measured soil properties are an alternative for laborious D b measurements. A forward stepwise...
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